‘A memória é a força da resistência’: uma outra política por meio da comemoração espacial e encarnada na Comunidade de Paz de San José de Apartadó, Colômbia
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fev 26, 2019
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ago 1, 2018
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Courtheyn, C. (2018). ‘A memória é a força da resistência’:: uma outra política por meio da comemoração espacial e encarnada na Comunidade de Paz de San José de Apartadó, Colômbia. Polisemia, 14(25), 58–82. https://doi.org/10.26620/uniminuto.polisemia.14.25.2018.58-82
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Resumo
Os acadêmicos da memória demonstraram como esta é uma prática encarnada e material com o potencial de gerar futuros possíveis mais justos, e que a paz é um proceso de politização e específico ao contexto. No entanto, qual é a contribuição real do exercício da memória com base em um local à construção de paz por parte dos movimentos sociais? A Comunidade de Paz de an José de Apartadó é um grupo de agricultores a pequena escala com sede em Urabá, região colombiana asolada pela guerra. Este artigo examina as peregrinações comemorativas que os membros da Comunidade de Paz realizam aos sítios de massacres e as pedras que pintam com os nomes das vítimas. Com base em quinze meses de investigação etnográfica na Colômbia de 2011 a 2014, por médio de observação participante e a realização de 49 entrevistas, explorou-se a relação entre estas práticas encarnadas no espaço e a resistência da comunidade à deslocação forçada, bem como seu projeto de construção de paz. Sustento que ditas formas de materialização fomentam aspectos fundamentais para a construção de uma “outra política” localista que inclui a solidariedade com aliados; a mobilização do corpo no espaço para defender a vida e a terra; reflexão, educação e um planejamento estratégico contínuo para fortalecer a coesão e a organização da comunidade. Depois de integrar os estudos sobre o exercício da memória, as geografias de paz e os movimentos sociais, descrevo como as comemorações dos massacres em San José de Apartadó que realiza a Comunidade de Paz, bem como as pedras que reúnem, são uma demonstração da rejeição à violência vingativa e em mudança, constroem uma política alternativa, transformadora e emancipadora através da solidariedade interna e externa.
Referências
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Courtheyn, C. (2017). Peace geographies: Expanding from modern-liberal peace to radical trans-relational peace. Progress in Human Geography. http://doi.org/10.1177/0309132517727605
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Gutiérrez, R. (2012). The Rhythms of the Pachakuti: Brief Reflections Regarding How We Have Come to Know Emancipatory Struggles and the Significance of the Term Social Emancipation. South Atlantic Quarterly, 111(1), 51–64.
Hall, R., Edelman, M., Borras, S. M., Scoones, I., White, B., & Wolford, W. (2015). Resistance, acquiescence or incorporation? An introduction to land grabbing and political reactions “from below.” The Journal of Peasant Studies, 42(3-4), 467–488.
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Holland, D., & Gómez Correal, D. (2013). Assessing the Transformative Significance of Movements & Activism: Lessons from A Postcapitalist Politics. Critical Practice Studies, 14(2), 130–159.
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Koopman, S. (2008). Imperialism Within: Can the Master’s Tools Bring Down Empire? ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies, 7(2), 283–307.
Koopman, S. (2011). Alter-geopolitics: Other securities are happening. Geoforum, 42(3), 274–284.
Koopman, S. (2014). Making space for peace: international protective accompaniment in Colombia. In F. McConnell, N. Megoran, & P. Williams (Eds.), Geographies of Peace (pp. 109–130). New York: I.B. Tauris.
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Bosco, F. J. (2006). The Madres de Plaza de Mayo and Three Decades of Human Rights’ Activism: Embeddedness, Emotions, and Social Movements. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 96(2), 342–365.
Brown, W. (1995). States of Injury: Power and Freedom in late modernity. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Buenaventura, Rafael. (2011). Hope for Colombia: The Grace Pilgrimage 2010 Bogotá. Documentary film. Portugal: Grace Media Productions. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8vhh5KNnrxA&list=UUe8-23wgIRspP8paQif-6Vg&index=15.
Butler, J. (2004). Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An essay in phenomenology and feminist theory. In H. Bial (Ed.), The Performance Studies Reader (pp.154–166). New York: Routledge.
Casas-Cortés, M. I., Osterweil, M., & Powell, D. E. (2008). Blurring Boundaries: Recognizing Knowledge-Practices in the Study of Social Movements. Anthropology Quarterly, 81(1), 17–59.
Ceceña, A. E. (2012). On the Complex Relation between Knowledges and Emancipations. South Atlantic Quarterly, 111(1), 111–132.
Comunidad de Paz de San José de Apartadó. (2010, February 21). Muertes anunciadas y responsabilidades del Gobierno y del Estado. Recuperado Marz 25, 2015, de http:// historico.cdpsanjose.org/?q=node/158
Conquergood, D. (2002). Performance Studies: Interventions and Radical Research. The Drama Review, 46(2), 145–156.
Courtheyn, C. (2016). Comunidad de Paz: Una paz “otra” en San José de Apartadó-Colombia. Polisemia, 22, 55–72.
Courtheyn, C. (2017). Peace geographies: Expanding from modern-liberal peace to radical trans-relational peace. Progress in Human Geography. http://doi.org/10.1177/0309132517727605
Dávalos, P. (2011). La democracia disciplinaria: el proyecto posneoliberal para América Latina. Bogotá: Ediciones desde abajo.
Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1988). A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Denis, R. (2012). The Birth of an “Other Politics” in Venezuela. South Atlantic Quarterly, 111(1), 81–93.
Depelchin, J. (2011). Reclaiming African History. Oxford: Pambazuka Press.
Dowler, L., & Sharp, J. (2001). A Feminist Geopolitics? Space & Polity, 5(3), 165–176.
Escobar, A. (2008). Territories of difference: place, movements, life, redes. Durham: Duke University Press
Esteva, G. (2005). Celebration of Zapatismo. Humboldt Journal of Social Relations,
29(1), 127–167.
Fanon, F. (2004). The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press.
Fanon, F. (2008). Black Skin, White Masks. New York: Grove Press.
Federici, S. (2010). Feminism and the Politics of the Commons in the Era of Primitive Accumulation. In Team Colors Collective (Ed.), Uses of a Whirlwind: Movement, Movements, and Contemporary Radical Currents in the United States (pp. 283–293).Oakland: AK Press.
Freud, S. (1917). Mourning and Melancholia. In J. Strachey, A. Freud, A. Strachey, & A. Tyson (Eds.), The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Volume XIV (1914-1916): On the History of the Psycho-Analytic Movement,Papers on Metapsychology and Other Works, 237-258 (pp. 243–258). London: The Hogarth Press.
Giraldo Moreno, S.J., J. (2010). Fusil o Toga, Toga y Fusil: El Estado Contra la Comunidad de Paz de San José de Apartadó. Bogotá: Editorial Códice.
Gómez Correal, D. M. (2012). Enfrentando el pasado, pensando el presente e imaginand o otros futuros. In V. Argoty Pulido & D. M. Gómez Correal (Eds.), Hescuela: Desaprendiendo para Liberar (pp. 239–261). Hijos e Hijas por la memoria y contra la impunidad y United States Institute of Peace.
Gómez Correal, D. M. (2015). Of Love, Blood and the Belly: The Politicization of Intimate Ties of Caring and Belonging in Colombia. Doctoral Dissertation. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Gregory, D. (2010). War and peace. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 35(2), 154–186. Grupo Acontecimiento. (2012). The Affirmation of an Other Politics of Emancipation. South Atlantic Quarterly, 111(1), 29–49.
Guha, R. (1983). Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Gutiérrez, R. (2012). The Rhythms of the Pachakuti: Brief Reflections Regarding How We Have Come to Know Emancipatory Struggles and the Significance of the Term Social Emancipation. South Atlantic Quarterly, 111(1), 51–64.
Hall, R., Edelman, M., Borras, S. M., Scoones, I., White, B., & Wolford, W. (2015). Resistance, acquiescence or incorporation? An introduction to land grabbing and political reactions “from below.” The Journal of Peasant Studies, 42(3-4), 467–488.
Hallward, P. (2011). Fanon and political will. Cosmos and History, 7(1), 104–127.
Holland, D., & Gómez Correal, D. (2013). Assessing the Transformative Significance of Movements & Activism: Lessons from A Postcapitalist Politics. Critical Practice Studies, 14(2), 130–159.
Inwood, J., & Tyner, J. (2011). Geography’s pro-peace agenda: An unfinished project. Acme, 10(3), 442–457.
Koopman, S. (2008). Imperialism Within: Can the Master’s Tools Bring Down Empire? ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies, 7(2), 283–307.
Koopman, S. (2011). Alter-geopolitics: Other securities are happening. Geoforum, 42(3), 274–284.
Koopman, S. (2014). Making space for peace: international protective accompaniment in Colombia. In F. McConnell, N. Megoran, & P. Williams (Eds.), Geographies of Peace (pp. 109–130). New York: I.B. Tauris.
Laing, A. F. (2012). Beyond the Zeitgeist of “Post-neoliberal” Theory in Latin America: The Politics of Anti-colonial Struggles in Bolivia. Antipode, 44(4), 1051–1054.
Legg, S. (2007). Reviewing geographies of memory/forgetting. Environment and Planning A, 39, 456–466.
Loyd, J. M. (2012). Geographies of Peace and Antiviolence. Geography Compass, 6(8), 477–489.
Madison, D. S. (2010). Acts of Activism: Human Rights as Radical Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Madison, D. S. (2012). Critical Ethnography: Method, Ethics, and Performance (2nded.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
Maestre, D. (2012). Conversando sobre la memoria, o mejor, escuchando al viejo Lionso sobre qué es la memoria. In V. Argoty Pulido & D. M. Gómez Correal (Eds.), Hescuela: Desaprendiendo para Liberar (pp. 111–114). Hijos e Hijas por la memoria y contra la impunidad y United States Institute of Peace.
Mahony, L., & Eguren, L. E. (1997). Unarmed bodyguards: International accompaniment for the protection of human rights. West Hartford, Conn.: Kumarian Press.
McConnell, F., N, Megoran, N., & Williams, P. (eds.). (2014). Geographies of Peace. New York: I.B. Tauris.
Megoran, N. (2011). War and peace? An agenda for peace research and practice in geography. Political Geography, 30(4), 178–189.Mills, A. (2010). Streets of Memory: Landscape, Tolerance, and National Identity in Istanbul. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
Muzaini, H. (2013). Scale politics, vernacular memory and the preservation of the Green Ridge battlefield in Kampar, Malaysia. Social & Cultural Geography, 14(4), 389–409.
Newton, H. P. (2002). Intercommunalism: February 1971. In D. Hilliard & D. Wise (Eds.), The Huey P. Newton Reader (pp. 181–199). New York: Seven Stories Press.
Nietzsche, F. (2008). On the Genealogy of Morals. (D. Smith, Ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nyong’o, T. (2009). The Amalgamation Waltz: Race, Performance, and the Ruses of Memory. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Oliver, K. (2001). Witnessing: beyond recognition. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Pollock, D. (2005). Introduction: Remembering. In D. Pollock (Ed.), Remembering: Oral History Performance (pp. 1–17). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Reyes, Á. (2012a). On Fanon’s Manichean Delirium. The Black Scholar, 42(3-4), 13–20.
Reyes, Á. (2012b). Revolutions in the Revolutions: A Post-counterhegemonic Moment for Latin America. South Atlantic Quarterly, 111(1), 1–27.
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