Fundamentos micro e macroscópicos da modificação do asfalto convencional com polímeros: uma revisão
Conteúdo do artigo principal
Resumo
Com o passar dos anos o número de veículos nas cidades tem aumentado, do mesmo modo a velocidade à que transitam e o ônus permitidos. Isto tem limitado a durabilidade das estruturas de pavimento. Por outra parte, a diversidade de climas e micro-climas aos que estão submetidos os pavimentos têm encurtado fortemente a vida útil destas estruturas. O anterior tem gerado uma motivação nos últimos anos em melhorar a qualidade destes sistemas com o fim de melhorar o funcionamento, a durabilidade e sua manutenção. Para isto o uso de polímeros numa percentagem e combinação adequados como modificadores dos asfaltos convencionais, nos últimos anos, tem tomado relevância devido à melhora de suas propriedades. Este trabalho mostra uma revisão de algumas das investigações que se realizaram sobre os asfaltos
modificados com polímeros nas duas últimas décadas, com o objetivo de apresentar os efeitos da incorporação individual, binária e multi-componente de polímeros elastômeros e plastômeros ao ligante convencional. Neste sentido, obteve-se um resumo dos conhecimentos atuais sobre o uso de diferentes polímeros na modificação do asfalto, além da classificação e revisão de diferentes tipos de sistemas de modificação segundo os polímeros, também as propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos asfaltos resultantes. Em conclusão, a incorporação de polímeros ao asfalto melhora algumas das propriedades em comparação com o asfalto convencional, adicionalmente, quando as modificações são binárias ou multi-componentes permitem que os asfaltos resultantes melhorem várias de suas propriedades simultaneamente, o anterior com algumas limitações em temperatura e carga.
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