The abacus closed as a pedagogical mediation in the construction of multiplication and division operations in the third degree of official educational institutions

Abstract

The article shows the results achieved during 2015 at the Alberto Lleras Camargo Educational Institution in Meta, Colombia. The purpose of this research is to establish the relationship between closed abacus variables and arithmetic learning process immerse in the multiplication and division operation with 120 children of third grade primary school, with and without visual limitations. The pedagogical proposal implements the situation of teaching with the closed abacus: Situations of action, formulation, validation and institutionalization. As a research results,two facts were found, the first is that the processes of teaching and learning of mathematical knowledge with the closed abacus decrease the pedagogical rupture in school and the second,  strengthening of inclusive curricula allows a primary basic education for all infants.